Doctors have raised concerns over the increasing health risks posed by mould exposure in homes, warning that vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and people with pre-existing respiratory or immune conditions are most at risk of serious complications.
The experts identified common sources of mould in homes to include leaking roofs, soaked walls, damp basements, poorly ventilated bathrooms and kitchens, as well as carpets, upholstery, and insulation materials that retain moisture.
They noted that mould often appears as coloured patches on wet surfaces, especially in areas where there is poor air circulation.
The den learnt the physicians warned that ignoring mould exposure not only compromises indoor air quality but also has long-term consequences for respiratory health, especially in vulnerable populations already burdened by other health challenges.
The experts noted that it is essential for residents to become more aware of the risks associated with mould and take proactive steps to ensure safe and healthy living environments.
A public health expert at the University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Professor Tanimola Akande, warned that mould, a type of fungus that thrives in humid, damp, and poorly ventilated environments, poses a significant threat to public health, particularly in water-damaged buildings and homes with poor construction.
According to him, mould releases spores into the air that, when inhaled, can trigger allergies and respiratory issues, including sneezing, catarrh, wheezing, and asthmatic attacks.
“Mould is a fungal growth that appears on various surfaces, particularly in places with persistent humidity, warmth, and moisture. It releases spores into the air, which people inhale without realising the health implications.
“Children, the elderly, and people with low immunity or pre-existing respiratory conditions like asthma are most at risk. Their systems react more severely to airborne spores,” he warned.
Akande, who is also a former National Chairman of the Association of Public Health Physicians of Nigeria, pointed out that mould exposure often goes unnoticed until people start showing recurring symptoms.
He said, “People may treat catarrh or persistent coughs without knowing that the trigger is inside their own homes.”
The professor described common breeding grounds for mould in homes as damp walls, water-damaged areas from leaking roofs, poorly ventilated rooms, and moisture-retaining corners such as kitchens, bathrooms, and household stores.
He added that mould appears as patches of different colours and textures, which may grow unnoticed on ceilings, walls, under sinks, and behind furniture.
“Mould thrives in environments with little or no ventilation. Any place in the house that is constantly damp and warm provides the perfect condition for mould to grow and spread.
“Many people don’t recognise mould for what it is. By the time they start cleaning it with ordinary water, they may be disturbing spores into the air and inhaling them directly,” Akande said.
On the long-term health consequences, the professor said that prolonged exposure can lead to frequent respiratory infections, worsening asthma attacks, and allergic flare-ups.
He stated, “Over time, exposure to mould doesn’t just cause minor irritation; it can complicate chronic respiratory diseases, especially in people with compromised immunity.”
Akande urged Nigerians to invest in preventive measures by controlling the humidity level in their homes.
He noted that the spores responsible for mould are lightweight and airborne, which makes them easily inhaled, especially in enclosed spaces.
“Humidity above 60 per cent is risky. Anything above 70 per cent creates a perfect storm for mould to grow rapidly, especially when organic materials are present.
“If the indoor humidity is maintained below 60 per cent and proper ventilation is ensured, the risk is significantly reduced,” he advised.
To combat mould growth, the don recommended fixing leaking plumbing, improving ventilation, and ensuring that wet areas are promptly dried.
He also encouraged homeowners to seek professional help if mould patches persist or begin to spread across large areas.
“You must take moisture seriously. A leaking pipe or roof may seem minor, but it can lead to major health risks.
“Clearing out mould, especially when it’s extensive, isn’t a DIY matter. Get professional advice or services to safely remove it,” he added.
Also speaking, a Senior Registrar in Community Medicine and Primary Care at the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Dr. Solomon Olorunfemi, described mould exposure as a serious but under-discussed public health issue in households.
